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Karst Terrain

How Sinkholes form

            Karst Terrain?


            In the first two lessons in Geology, we cover the topic of water erosion. We also show you that sedimentary rock is the main cause of erosion.

Carbonate rocks like gypsum, salt, limestone, and dolomites are dissolvable by water flow. These are also called: Soluble rocks and are a class of sedimentary rocks we talked about in the previous lessons. How long it takes for the ground to be washed away and dissolved by the water depends upon the amount, flow, and force of the water impacting it.

            Have you ever eaten cotton candy? The sugar crystals melt when they hit liquid, which is why you don’t have to necessarily chew it. It will slowly dissolve in your mouth! Think of that when we mention the words soluble rock.

Geologists call a location primarily made up of soluble rocks “karst terrain”.

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            What is a sinkhole?


            Karst terrain is at the mercy of torrential or hard flowing waters that have no place to drain off the surface.

            Karst rocks dissolve slowly under the ground unseen or detected by man. Water that is sitting on the surface and has no area to drain off slowly drains into the hole making it larger and larger overtime causing an underground pocket of empty space or a “hole” that slowly grows larger and larger until the surface above caves in.

            Sometimes it finally has to give way because so much of the dirt and rocks have been washed out or dissolved and it does this naturally without humans effecting it, other times it can cave in with any kind of pressure or weight.

            When the ground above the hole, whether dirt, clay, concrete, rocks, bricks, buildings, trees, or roads, plummets downward into the huge empty hole!

            Then you have one big problem! A Sinkhole!

            What Causes Sinkholes?

            Sometimes man causes sinkholes! Construction is certainly a large cause: If the ground is not packed down hard enough before building, it washes out from underneath the foundational structure.

            Broken water pipes, drainage, drilling, and mining also have effects on the ground. Even heavy traffic can cause a sinkhole.

            Nature itself works at making its own deep sinkholes also! And most times we don’t know when they happen to prevent sudden deaths or disasters!

            You’ve probably seen what the power of water can do. Ask your parents to go to a carwash and see how those high-powered jets can make your car look sparkling clean by washing all the dirt off!

            The Power of Hurricane Irma:


            AccuWeather Service announced their concern that hurricanes are responsible for sinkholes all over Florida after hurricane Irma hit. “weather extremes such as heavy rains . . . can lead to sinkhole development.”

            Think about all the rain that hurricanes can bring at one time! The world record of recent rainfall goes to Hurricane Harvey! Over 60 inches of water fell in Southeast Texas in 2017!

            Even it if isn’t a hurricane that speeds up the development of sinkholes, look around you at regular storms and what they can cause:






When it rains, you will notice that the rainwater seems to band together in ditches and lower lying areas to form small streams, sometimes even flooding the roads and causing serious problems. Rainwater always flows to lower ground.

            A Closer Look at a sinkhole:


            Even the ocean pressure can create a sinkhole! Like this one!

            Every sinkhole is deeper than others, going from very small to very large.

            The largest underwater sinkhole they call “Blue Holes” is the Yongle blue hole, it’s about 985 feet deep from the top to the very bottom! Chemists all over the world are excited to study the organisms and marine wildlife that live in its depths!

            And who knows! You may be able to see a sinkhole happen in your lifetime. But be careful! They are very unstable and dangerous!

            Elijah had a great and wonderful experience on Mt. Carmel when he destroyed the enemies of God.

  He told everyone he was the only one who served God.

              He took 12 stones after the 12 tribes of Israel to build an altar to put his bull. Then he dug a trench that would hold about 9 gallons of water around it. He then had 12 barrels of water poured over his offering, and the water filled the trench.

It was pretty crazy that Elijah the Tishbite not only didn’t light the fire, but that he even drowned it with so much water that naturally, he nor anyone else could light it if they wanted to!

            He wanted to prove to the worshipers of Baal, that not only was God real, but that His God, was the only true God. He had a lot of faith in God, so it wasn’t that Elijah wasn’t a strong Believer.

            He saw fire come down from God himself to consume his offering! After the fire came down and consumed the offering and licked up all the water in the trench, you would have thought Elijah would have been amazed and cheering for joy!

            But Elijah had a deeper struggle than that. He was discouraged.

            No one knew about it but God.

God talked to Elijah after he felt so alone and sad that he went into a dark cave. God asked him what are you doing here, Elijah? And he stood up and left the depths of the dark cave and stood at the opening and told God how he was so excited about God and no one else was, and how he was at the point that he didn’t care if he lived or died. That’s pretty low, isn’t it?

            You would have never known that Elijah was that sad and discouraged. He let inward thoughts eat away at his courage, and after such a huge victory he turned into a spiritual sinkhole!

            Sometimes in life you think someone is just fine, when really inside it’s like they are experiencing a spiritual sinkhole. They are down and discouraged because they let discouraging thoughts creep into their minds and let the waters of discouragement dissolve their happiness inside.

            May we be quick to notice when someone is down or discouraged and do our best to comfort, encourage, lift them up in the Lord, and not let Spiritual sinkholes happen!

REFERENCES::

•Hurricanes and Sinkholes: https://www.thewellslawgroup.com/blog/2017/11/how-flooding-from-hurricane-irma-may-be-responsible-for-sinkholes-in-west-central-florida/#:~:text=To%20be%20clear%2C%20according%20to,damage%20property%20and%20destroy%20homes.

• What is a sinkhole https://www.usgs.gov/faqs/what-a-sinkhole?qt-news_science_products=0#

• Largest Blue Hole: https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-020-00495-6

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